• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Heat exchange condenser for smoke condensation. The present invention relates to a heat exchange condenser comprising carbon steel tubes coated by a custom made enamel. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of the heat exchange condenser for the condensation of fumes, particularly for highly corrosive coming from, for example, thermal power plants, combustión engines, petroleum refineries, energy recovery plants, cement kilns and/or glass industries. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2566983A1
    申请号:ES201531716
    申请日:2015-11-25
    公开日:2016-04-18
    发明作者:Javier ESQUIROZ；José María VERGARA；Josemari MUÑOZ
    申请人:Ertxin 359 SL；Ertxin 359 S L；Fund Cidetec；Sartech Eng S L；Sartech Engineering SL；Fundacion Cidetec；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Heat exchange condenser for smoke condensation
    DESCRIPTION

    The present invention relates to a heat exchange condenser comprising carbon steel tubes coated by a custom made enamel. In addition, the present invention relates to the use of the heat exchange condenser for smoke condensation, particularly for highly corrosive fumes from, for example, thermal power plants, combustion engines, oil refineries, energy recovery plants, furnaces cement and / or 10 glass industries.
    STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE

    Heat exchange condensers are those devices that convert a fluid in a gaseous state into a liquid state, transferring heat in the process. These condensers are mainly composed of a metal casing and metal tubes, the most common use case being that in which the cooling fluid circulates inside the tubes and the gaseous fluid circulates outside the tubes coming into contact with the housing These condensers can be designed based on multiple configurations in which elements such as fins or turbulators can be included that allow the efficiency of heat exchange to be enhanced.

    In general, these types of heat exchange condensers are not suitable for the condensation of fumes from highly corrosive components. Few solutions can be found in the literature, which are economically expensive. In addition, the heat exchange efficiencies of the condensers are low and their useful life limited.
     30
    In the market you can find capacitors with Teflon tubes that are arranged inside a stainless steel housing. Teflon is a suitable material for corrosive environments both acidic and alkaline. However, the heat transfer in these Teflon condensers is low and its use is discouraged for temperatures above 260 ° C, temperature from which it decomposes.
    Therefore, it is necessary to develop new high efficiency heat exchange condensers that serve the different chemical environments that can be generated in the industry and are economically viable.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 5

    The heat exchange condenser of the present invention has as its main objective:

     recover the residual heat by heating the coolant 10 for, for example, the generation of electricity, such as domestic hot water, as a source of heat for drying raw materials in industry, etc.

     Clean highly corrosive fumes from thermal power plants, combustion engines, oil refineries, energy recovery plants, as well as cement kilns and glass industries avoiding environmental pollution.

     recover water after neutralizing condensate acids, for example for reuse in industrial processes. twenty

    The present invention relates to a heat exchange condenser of high efficiency and with a long service life comprising carbon steel tubes coated, on its inner face, by an enamel whose formulation is designed and manufactured to measure according to the composition of fumes to condense, particularly 25 highly corrosive fumes from different industrial sectors.

    The condenser of the present invention can work effectively when the temperature of the fumes to be condensed is between -150 ° C and -175 ° C having to adjust the temperature of the refrigerant fluid to a lower value than desired, a value of 30 between 20 ° C and 30 ° C lower than the condensation temperature of the smoke. The condenser of the present invention can also work effectively when the temperature of the fumes to be condensed is between 700 ° C and 800 ° C, the temperature of the refrigerant fluid must also be adjusted for the correct operation of the condenser. Hence, an advantage of the condenser of the invention is that it is 35
    valid for a wide range of smoke condensation temperatures, from -175 ºC to 800 ºC.

    In a first aspect, the present invention relates to a heat exchange condenser characterized by
     comprising a set of pipes through which fumes circulate to condense;
     where the pipes are arranged inside a housing;
     where a cooling fluid circulates through the space between the housing and the tubes; 10
     and where each tube is made of carbon steel and is covered by its inner face, optionally by its outer face, by an enamel.

    In the present invention, the condenser comprises a set of tubes where each tube is made of carbon steel, that is, it is a steel tube with a carbon percentage of between 0.003% and 1.4%. Preferably the carbon percentage is between 0.003% and 0.3%.

    This carbon steel tube is covered by an enamel on its inner face. It is a continuous but not homogeneous coating. Due to the degassing of the substrate 20 and internal reactions of the coating, during cooking with, for example, the clays, said coating develops a characteristic amorphous structure of fine bubbles that, although it does not affect the chemical resistance thereof, contributes to the improvement of mechanical properties such as elasticity, resistance to impact breakage and scratch. 25

    The enamel contains a percentage by weight in terms of the following equivalent oxides of:
     between 50% and 55% of SiO2,
     between 12.5% and 14% of Na2O, 30
     between 6% and 7% of K2O,
     between 14% and 15.5% of B2O3,
     between 5% and 8% of TiO2, and
     between 1% and 3% CoO.
     35
    In a preferred embodiment, the enamel also contains additives selected from SiO2, CoO, TiO2 and a combination thereof, and wherein said enamel contains a percentage by weight in terms of the following equivalent oxides:
     between 55% and 63.5% of SiO2,
     between 8.75% and 11.4% of Na2O, 5
     between 4.4% and 5.5% of K2O,
     between 10% and 12.7% of B2O3,
     between 4.5% and 11.25% of TiO2, and
     between 0.9% and 3.75% CoO.
     10
    Preferably the enamel has a thickness of between 100 µm and 300 µm. More preferably the enamel has a thickness of between 140 µm and 160 µm.

    The heat exchange condenser of the present invention is characterized in that it has an inlet and outlet of a cooling fluid. fifteen

    The heat exchange condenser of the present invention is characterized in that it has a smoke inlet and a smoke and condensate outlet.

    In a preferred embodiment of the condenser of the invention, each 20-carbon steel tube is coated both by its inner face and its outer face by the enamel described above, both without and with the additives selected from SiO2, TiO2, CoO and A combination of them. This situation is ideal when not only are corrosive fumes, but also the cooling fluid is, for example when the cooling fluid is seawater, brackish water or water from some industrial discharge.

    Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of the heat exchange condenser mentioned above for the condensation of fumes from any industry, for example from thermal power plants, combustion engines, oil refineries, energy recovery plants, as well as Cement kilns and glass industries.

    In a preferred embodiment, the heat exchange condenser mentioned above, which comprises an enamel with additives selected from among
    SiO2, TiO2, CoO and a combination thereof and with a term content of equivalent oxides of
     between 55% and 63.5% of SiO2,
     between 8.75% and 11.4% of Na2O,
     between 4.4% and 5.5% of K2O, 5
     between 10% and 12.7% of B2O3,
     between 4.5% and 11.25% of TiO2, and
     between 0.9% and 3.75% CoO.
    It is used for condensation of highly corrosive fumes. In the present invention, "highly corrosive smoke" means that smoke comprising
     at least 6% of COx, where x = 1 or 2 or
     at least 37ppm of NOx, where x = 1 or 2 or
     at least 25 ppm of SOx, where x = 2 or 3 or
     at least 25 ppm of HCl or
     a combination thereof. fifteen

    The additives added to the base enamel are responsible for protecting carbon steel in these highly corrosive environments.

    Throughout the description and the claims the word "comprises" and its variants are not intended to exclude other technical characteristics, additives, components or steps. For those skilled in the art, other objects, advantages and features of the invention will be derived partly from the description and partly from the practice of the invention. The following examples and figures are provided by way of illustration, and are not intended to be limiting of the present invention. 25
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

    FIG. 1 Longitudinal section of a tube of a heat exchange condenser with and without enamel. 30

    FIG. 2 a) Scanning electron microscopy images of the heat exchange condenser tube of Example 1; b) Enlargement of the scanning electron microscopy image of a heat exchange condenser tube of Example 1, interface between the carbon steel substrate and the enamel; 35

    FIG. 3 Profilesometry results of a heat exchange condenser tube of example 1; a) carbon steel substrate; b) enamel.

    FIG.4 Results of the hardness test of a tube of the heat exchange condenser of example 1.

    FIG. 5 Heat exchange condenser comprising the following elements:
    1. Housing 10
    2. Smoke inlet
    3. Smoke and condensate outlet
    4. Moorings
    5. Distributor
    6. Tubes 15
    7. Fitting: cooling fluid inlet and outlet
    8. Deflector
    EXAMPLES
     twenty
    The invention will now be illustrated by tests carried out by the inventors, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the tubular heat exchanger of the invention.

    Example 1: 25

    Preparation of a tube of a heat exchange condenser

    It was split from a carbon steel tube with a carbon weight percentage of 0.12%. To glaze the interior of the carbon steel tube, the grinding of a borosilicate glass (60% - 61%) to which clay has been added (3% - 3.7) is carried out in a ball mill %), silica (4% - 6%), borax (0.15%), sodium nitrite (0.15%) and water (30% -31.7%). A fluid and homogeneous paste is formed, called "slipper", which is screened to obtain an average particle size between 40 µm and 200 µm. This paste was deposited on the inner face of the steel tube 35 by the technique called Flow-coating in English. Finally the
    vitrification treatment of the whole (paste applied on the carbon steel tube) and dried. The treatment consists of heating the assembly to temperatures above 700 ºC so that the enamel acquires its vitreous character.

    As an exemplary embodiment, an enamel composition was prepared in terms of 5 equivalent oxides of:
     52.9% of SiO2,
     13.2% of Na2O,
     6.6% of K2O,
     14.6% of B2O3, 10
     7.5% TiO2, and
     2.1% CoO.
    and a density of 1.74 g / l.

    Characterization of the tubular heat exchanger 15

    In order to characterize the prepared heat exchange condenser tube, the following tests were carried out:

    In Fig. 1, a longitudinal section of two heat exchange condenser tubes can be observed, one covered by an enamel and the other uncoated, after both tubes have been subjected to fumes from a solid waste energy recovery plant urban.

    Fig. 2 shows scanning electron microscopy images of the example condenser tube, where a continuous enamel is observed. The thickness of this coating is 150 µm. Figure 2b) clearly shows the interface between the carbon steel substrate and the enamel, responsible for the chemical-mechanical adhesion of the coating
     30
    Fig. 3 a-b shows the results of profilometry, for the carbon steel substrate (a) and for the enamel (b). The figure shows how the roughness of the coating / enamel is practically zero, so that the adhesion of corrosive particles is avoided.
     35
    The enamel hardness is analyzed by Vickers hardness test (Figure 4), obtaining a value of 793 HV, higher than the average value of a carbon steel.

    Young's modulus or modulus of longitudinal elasticity characterizes the behavior of an elastic material, according to the direction in which a force is applied. For the enamel of example 1, an elastic modulus value of 87 GPa was obtained.

    The abrasion resistance by the Taber abrasion test, in which the mass loss Δω is measured after the action of an abrasive wheel for 10 10,000 cycles, has resulted in a mass loss value of 58 mg for The substrate, while for the enamel the loss value has been 3 mg, which shows a greater effectiveness of the enamel.

    The impact resistance of the enamels, as well as the adhesion of said 15 coatings / enamels to the carbon steel substrate were measured according to EN1020-9, which consists in the application of the force corresponding to a mass of 1.5 Kg launched from a height of 750 mm on the enamel itself. Under these conditions the adhesion obtained was grade 1, with the enamel completely adhered to the substrate. twenty

    Corrosion Resistance Tests

    Figure 5 shows the heat exchange condenser used for these tests. The capacitor comprises the following elements:
    1. Housing
    2. Smoke inlet
    3. Smoke and condensate outlet
    4. Moorings
    5. Distributor 30
    6. Tubes
    7. Fitting: cooling fluid inlet and outlet
    8. Baffles: Set of baffles with chamfers located in different sections in the longitudinal direction inside the housing that direct the cooling fluid increasing its efficiency. 35

    The condenser is composed of 19 tubes (6) similar to those described above.

    For the performance of the test, an approximate flow rate of 76 kg / h of fumes consisting of the following 5 corrosive agents has been passed through the condenser tubes: 68 ppm NO, 6.33% CO2 and 68 ppm NOx from of an energy recovery plant for urban solid waste.

    After the condensation of the fumes, the components that have been in contact with the pipes have been among others: 10

    66.8 mg of SO42- / L
     35.2 mg of Cl- / L
    0.15 mg of F- / L
    1.01mg of NO3- / L 15

    Regarding the acid pH value of these condensates, it should be noted that it is 3.65.

    As can be seen in Figure 1, the enamel coated tube after 20 tests remains unchanged, that is, it does not present any chemical attack.

    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]

    1. Heat exchange condenser characterized by
     comprising a set of pipes through which fumes circulate to condense; 5
     where the pipes are arranged inside a housing;
     where a cooling fluid circulates through the space between the housing and the tubes;
     and where each tube is made of carbon steel and is covered by its inner face, optionally by its outer face, by an enamel. 10

    [2]
    2. Condenser according to claim 1, wherein the carbon percentage of the carbon steel tube is between 0.003% and 1.4%.

    [3]
    3. Condenser according to claim 2, wherein the carbon percentage of the carbon steel tube 15 is between 0.003% and 0.3%.

    [4]
    4. Condenser according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the enamel contains a percentage by weight in terms of the following equivalent oxides of:
     between 50% and 55% of SiO2,
     between 12.5% and 14% of Na2O,
     between 6% and 7% of K2O,
     between 14% and 15.5% of B2O3,
     between 5% and 8% of TiO2, and 25
     between 1% and 3% CoO.

    [5]
    5. Condenser according to claim 4, wherein the enamel further contains additives selected from SiO2, CoO, TiO2 and a combination thereof and wherein said enamel contains a percentage by weight in terms of the following 30 equivalent oxides:
     between 55% and 63.5% of SiO2,
     between 8.75% and 11.4% of Na2O,
     between 4.4% and 5.5% of K2O,
     between 10% and 12.7% of B2O3, 35
     between 4.5% and 11.25% of TiO2, and
     between 0.9% and 3.75% CoO.

    [6]
    6. Condenser according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the enamel has a thickness of between 100 µm and 300 µm. 5

    [7]
    7. Condenser according to claim 6, wherein the enamel has a thickness of between 140 µm and 160 µm.

    [8]
    8. Condenser according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it has an inlet and outlet of a cooling fluid.

    [9]
    9. Condenser according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it has a smoke inlet and a smoke and condensate outlet.
     fifteen
    [10]
    10. Condenser according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein each tube is made of carbon steel and is coated, by its inner face and its outer face, by an enamel.

    [11]
    11. Use of the condenser according to any one of claims 1 to 10 for smoke condensation.

    [12]
    12. Use of the condenser according to claim 11 for the condensation of highly corrosive fumes, wherein said smoke comprises
     at least 6% of COx or 25
     at least 37ppm of NOx or
     at least 25 ppm of SOx or
     at least 25 ppm of HCl or
     a combination thereof.
     30

    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    CN201170696Y|2008-12-24|Novel flue gas condenser
    ES2566983B1|2017-02-13|Heat exchange condenser for smoke condensation
    Shayan et al.2015|On the failure analysis of an air preheater in a steam power plant
    KR100642679B1|2006-11-10|Coating having improved high temperature wear resistance
    US20190195578A1|2019-06-27|Chemical cleaning of furnaces, heaters and boilers during their operation
    CN105080809B|2017-12-08|Heated surface at the end of boiler protects the spray mo|lding method with nanometer particle-modified fluorine plastics combined coating
    CN201828176U|2011-05-11|Heat pipe and heat pipe air preheater
    KR200422080Y1|2006-07-20|Enamel Coated Tube
    ES2361926T3|2011-06-24|HEATING ELEMENT FOR A REGENERATIVE HEAT EXCHANGER AND PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING A HEATING ELEMENT.
    CA2613575A1|2008-06-13|Protected carbon steel pipe for conveying flue gases in a heat exchange apparatus
    KR200424534Y1|2006-08-23|Enamel Coated Fin Tube
    CN204043443U|2014-12-24|Gas cooler
    CN110849202A|2020-02-28|Composite heat conduction pipe containing modified heat conduction liquid and production method thereof
    KR200416779Y1|2006-05-22|Tube for heat exchanger with dual protective film
    ES2717796T3|2019-06-25|Ceramic composition and material comprising said ceramic composition as part of a heat recovery unit
    ES2340135T3|2010-05-31|PROCEDURE FOR THE COATING OF A HEAT EXCHANGER.
    KR102125655B1|2020-06-23|Enamel heating element for ggh and gah of power plant with enamel glaze composition with excellent thermal conductivity and anti-fouling
    CN212408688U|2021-01-26|Lining structure in alkylation waste acid regenerating unit
    CN104654827A|2015-05-27|Direct contact type ceramic heat exchange device
    KR101965245B1|2019-04-03|Plate heat exchanger having function of preventing acid dew point
    CN105908184A|2016-08-31|Enamel pipe suitable for hot coal water pipe type gas-gas heater and manufacturing method of enamel pipe
    JPH08511860A|1996-12-10|Flue gas duct and recovery heat exchanger for flue gas
    KR20060000590A|2006-01-06|Heat exchanger using a condensing gas boiler
    Chowwanonthapunya et al.2017|Corrosion of preheater tubes in a heat recovery boiler
    CN208620384U|2019-03-19|A kind of composite board type flue gas heat-exchange unit
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2566983B1|2017-02-13|
    WO2017089637A1|2017-06-01|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    GB831912A|1956-12-27|1960-04-06|Hubert Salmen|Improvements in or relating to condensers and heat-exchangers|
    FR2392349A1|1977-05-27|1978-12-22|Pfaudler Werke Ag|Enamel lined heat exchanger tubes - having enamel on outside only at ends which have hexagonal shape of larger cross=section, for use with corrosive media|
    US5075263A|1988-09-13|1991-12-24|Bayer Aktiengesellschaft|Enamel frits for acid-resistant one-coat enamelling on unpickled steels|
    ES2081893T3|1989-11-01|1996-03-16|Bayer Ag|FRIED FOR ENAMELING, WITH A BETTER ADHESION TO THE STEEL PLATE.|
    GB2263478A|1992-01-20|1993-07-28|Zeiss Stiftung|Lead-and and cadmium-free glass composition for glazing, enameling anddecorating|
    JP2008064427A|2006-09-11|2008-03-21|Toshiba Kyaria Kk|Heat exchanger|
    CN202853446U|2012-10-25|2013-04-03|无锡市东群钢管有限公司|Dustproof and anticorrosive heat exchanger pipe|
    AT250561T|2000-02-08|2003-10-15|Ferro France Sarl|EMAIL FOR APPLICATION ON GUSEIS|
    CN2582730Y|2002-08-19|2003-10-29|张金库|Smoke desulfur equipment, enamel heat transfer element of smoke heater|
    ES2609262T3|2008-04-18|2017-04-19|Prince Belgium Bvba|Non-enameled enameled sheet steel|
    CA2759564A1|2009-05-08|2010-11-11|Stone Mountain Technologies, Inc.|Gas-fired heat pump water heater|
    法律状态:
    2016-03-02| PC2A| Transfer of patent|Owner name: FUNDACION CIDETEC Effective date: 20160225 |
    2017-02-13| FG2A| Definitive protection|Ref document number: 2566983 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: B1 Effective date: 20170213 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201531716A|ES2566983B1|2015-11-25|2015-11-25|Heat exchange condenser for smoke condensation|ES201531716A| ES2566983B1|2015-11-25|2015-11-25|Heat exchange condenser for smoke condensation|
    PCT/ES2016/070823| WO2017089637A1|2015-11-25|2016-11-18|Heat exchange condenser for condensing smokes|
    [返回顶部]